Outbred mice with long-term Helicobacter felis infection develop both gastric lymphoid tissue and glandular hyperplastic lesions

Abstract

Experimental infection of mice with Helicobacter felis reproduces many aspects of the gastritis observed in Helicobacter pylori-infected humans. The development of gastric inflammatory lesions in chronically infected inbred mice is host-dependent; in BALB/c mice, gastric B-cell MALT lymphomas were observed, whilst other murine hosts (e.g. C57BL/6) developed severe glandular hyperplasia. The aims of this investigation were to characterize and immunophenotype Helicobacter-induced inflammatory lesions in mice with an outbred genetic background. Swiss mice (n=10 per group) were either inoculated with a suspension of H. felis or left untreated. H. felis-inoculated mice and age-matched control animals were killed 13 months later. The severity of gastric inflammatory lesions in the animals was graded and the number and distribution of B (CD45R(+)) and T (CD3(+)) lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Compared with control mice, animals with long-term H. felis infection developed severe hyperplastic gastritis (0.80+/-0.63 vs. 2.7+/-0.68), with epithelial dedifferentiation (0. 40+/-0.52 vs. 2.3+/-0.82) and lengthening of the pits and glands (0. 46+/-0.05 vs. 0.8+/-0.19). Gastric CD45R(+) and CD3(+) lymphocyte scores were significantly elevated (r=0.803) in infected animals, while lymphoepithelial lesions and polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltrates were absent. Although prominent lymphoid follicles were present in the tissues of all infected animals, and in one control animal, only a proportion (55%) of the mucosal follicles had a dominant B-cell phenotype (defined as > or =75% CD45R(+) labelling), and all were poorly labelled with anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies. It was concluded that the lesions in outbred Swiss mice differed from B-cell MALT lymphomas. In contrast to inbred mice, outbred animals developed both glandular and lymphoid tissue lesions to chronic H. felis infection. It is suggested that the default T-helper phenotype of the host influences glandular lesion formation or B-cell lymphomagenesis in this model of infection.