Optimal health care is based on evidence that a) no harm is done when that care is provided and that b) the care provided assists in the prevention of further problems or the resolution of the presenting problem. Too often, care provided to lactating mothers and their breastfeeding offspring lacks evidence supportive of the techniques used or care provided. This article addresses 10 common hospital-based practices and reviews documented evidence related to their effect on breastfeeding success. Concepts pertaining to the breasts and breastfeeding that require incorporation into the educational offerings of current and future health care providers are also identified.