Abstract
CD99/E2 is an integral transmembrane protein which forms, together with Xga, a distinct family whose genes are located in the pseudoautosomal region. The number of T cells that firmly bound to vascular endothelial cells under physiological shear stress increased 2-14-fold upon CD99 stimulation, and bound cells became much more resistant to detachment forces and spread. T cell arrest occurred within 1 min and was dependent on the alpha4beta1-VCAM-1 pathway. In contrast, the alphaLbeta2-ICAM-1 pathway remained unactivated. This was observed with T cell lines and with activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and was limited within the resting peripheral CD4+ T cells to the memory subset, while virgin cells were unaffected. This discloses a stepwise regulation of the T cell extravasation cascade.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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12E7 Antigen
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Actins / metabolism
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Antigens, CD / physiology*
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Biological Transport
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Biopolymers
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Cell Adhesion / drug effects
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Cell Adhesion Molecules / physiology*
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Cell Movement / drug effects
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Cell Size
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Endothelium, Vascular / cytology*
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Endothelium, Vascular / drug effects
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Humans
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Integrin alpha4beta1
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Integrins / physiology*
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / genetics
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / physiology
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Jurkat Cells
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Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / pathology
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Neoplasm Proteins / physiology
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Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology
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Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / physiology*
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / physiology
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Rheology
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Stress, Mechanical
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T-Lymphocytes / cytology*
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
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Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / genetics
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Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / physiology
Substances
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12E7 Antigen
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Actins
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Antigens, CD
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Biopolymers
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CD99 protein, human
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Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Integrin alpha4beta1
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Integrins
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Phytohemagglutinins
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Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1