We first identified the RANTES chemokine as part of a search for genes expressed by T lymphocytes "late", 3-5 days, after T-cell activation. The kinetics of expression of RANTES and a small number of other genes are unusual and the mechanism of such delayed expression is unknown. In order to uncover a mechanism for such "late" expression, we identified and characterized the RANTES promoter and a novel transcription factor regulating RANTES expression in T lymphocytes. RANTES factor of late activated T lymphocytes (RFLAT)-1 is a member of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors. Like RANTES, RFLAT-1 expression is "late" after T-cell activation. But, unlike RANTES, regulation of RFLAT-1 expression appears to be translational rather than transcriptional.