AIDS: Data shows that needle exchange programs (NEPs) reduce the risk of HIV infection, and hepatitis B and C prevalence. NEPs reduce high-risk behaviors associated with HIV infection, and reduce the re-use of used injection equipment. NEPs also contribute to an increase in needle disinfection practices and have a positive impact on the number of users who have gained access to treatment programs. NEPS do not encourage illicit drug use, and sixteen studies have shown that NEPs are effective and save lives.