Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9266-71. doi: 10.1073/pnas.142033699. Epub 2002 Jun 27.

Abstract

Sustainability requires living within the regenerative capacity of the biosphere. In an attempt to measure the extent to which humanity satisfies this requirement, we use existing data to translate human demand on the environment into the area required for the production of food and other goods, together with the absorption of wastes. Our accounts indicate that human demand may well have exceeded the biosphere's regenerative capacity since the 1980s. According to this preliminary and exploratory assessment, humanity's load corresponded to 70% of the capacity of the global biosphere in 1961, and grew to 120% in 1999.

MeSH terms

  • Agriculture / economics
  • Animals
  • Animals, Domestic
  • Conservation of Natural Resources
  • Earth, Planet
  • Economics*
  • Ecosystem*
  • Fishes
  • Forestry / economics
  • Fossil Fuels / economics
  • Housing / economics
  • Humans
  • Industry / economics
  • Nuclear Energy / economics
  • Regeneration
  • Time Factors
  • Transportation / economics

Substances

  • Fossil Fuels