Lysozymes were purified from the hemolymph of three immunized Lepidopteran larvae, Galleria mellonella, Bombyx mori, Agrius convolvuli to compare their physico-chemical properties and antibacterial activities with those of chicken lysozyme. Four lysozymes including the one from chicken had similar molecular masses and chromatographic behavior on reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography. Western blotting analysis using an antibody raised against G. mellonella revealed that lysozyme cross-reacted with two other insect lysozymes but not with commercial chicken lysozyme. Antibacterial activities of lysozymes were measured in two types of tests: radial diffusion assay and colony count assay. Our antibacterial tests revealed that all lysozymes have strong activities against Gram-positive bacteria and three insect lysozymes still retain a little potency against Gram-negative bacteria, while chicken lysozyme has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Taken together, we conclude three Lepidopteran lysozymes have a common distinct structure and have an antibacterial activity, which is absent in chicken lysozyme, against Gram-negative bacteria.