Although a rare condition, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) can be a very devastating diagnosis with life-altering consequences. This case study follows the path of a young woman who is currently undergoing whole lung lavage as treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The entire concept of flooding a lung with large quantities of saline as a treatment for lung disease is contrary to normal respiratory care. Caring for the patient with PAP provides many challenges for the perianesthesia nurse. Management of the postanesthesia airway, oxygen administration and maintenance of oxygen saturation, and pain relief skills are all of high importance to the patient with PAP. These skills plus the emotional support provided by the experienced perianesthesia nurse can ensure a safe recovery from this unusual procedure.