Abstract
Integrative neuroendocrine control of the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in childhood, puberty, and young adulthood proceeds via multiple convergent and divergent pathways in the human and experimental animal. Emerging ensemble concepts are required to embody independent, parallel, and interacting mechanisms that subserve physiological adaptations and pathological disruption of reproduction and growth. Significant advances in systems biology will be needed to address these challenges.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Aging
-
Animals
-
Female
-
Gonadal Steroid Hormones / physiology
-
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / physiology
-
Gonadotropins / physiology*
-
Gonads / physiology
-
Growth / physiology*
-
Growth Hormone / physiology*
-
Human Growth Hormone / metabolism
-
Humans
-
Hypothalamus / physiology
-
Insulin / physiology
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / physiology
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / physiology
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / physiology
-
Luteinizing Hormone / metabolism
-
Male
-
Periodicity
-
Pituitary Gland / physiology
-
Puberty / physiology*
-
Sex Characteristics
-
Sexual Maturation / physiology
Substances
-
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
-
Gonadotropins
-
Insulin
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins
-
Human Growth Hormone
-
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
-
Luteinizing Hormone
-
Growth Hormone