Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACACA), the major regulatory enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. We have sequenced 5.5 kb of the goat ACACA cDNA in 18 individuals. The translated cDNA sequence encodes 1,832 AA and shares a high AA identity (99%) with the ovine and bovine ACACA orthologous sequences. One silent single nucleotide polymorphism was identified at exon 45 (C5493T). The genotyping of this polymorphism in 4 goat breeds, Murciano-Granadina, Teramana, Majorera, and Malagueña, showed that it was segregating in all 4 breeds at variable frequencies. In addition, a mixed animal model was used to evaluate the association of C5493T genotypes with milk traits. Results from this study show that the C5493T mutation was suggestively associated with fat yield, lactose content, and somatic cell count.