Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):150-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.150.

Abstract

Background: Dietary surveys suggest that many older, community-dwelling adults consume insufficient dietary protein, which may contribute to the age-related loss of lean mass (LM).

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the association between dietary protein and changes in total LM and nonbone appendicular LM (aLM) in older, community-dwelling men and women.

Design: Dietary protein intake was assessed by using an interviewer-administered 108-item food-frequency questionnaire in men and women aged 70-79 y who were participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (n=2066). Changes in LM and aLM over 3 y were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between protein intake and 3-y changes in LM and aLM was examined by using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders.

Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, energy-adjusted protein intake was associated with 3-y changes in LM [beta (SE): 8.76 (3.00), P=0.004] and aLM [beta (SE): 5.31 (1.64), P=0.001]. Participants in the highest quintile of protein intake lost approximately 40% less LM and aLM than did those in the lowest quintile of protein intake (x+/-SE: -0.501+/-0.106 kg compared with -0.883+/-0.104 kg for LM; -0.400+/-0.058 kg compared with -0.661+/-0.057 kg for aLM; P for trend<0.01). The associations were attenuated slightly after adjustment for change in fat mass, but the results remained significant.

Conclusion: Dietary protein may be a modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia in older adults and should be studied further to determine its effects on preserving LM in this population.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Absorptiometry, Photon
  • Adipose Tissue / metabolism
  • Aged
  • Aging / physiology*
  • Body Composition / physiology*
  • Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage*
  • Dietary Proteins / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Linear Models
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Meat
  • Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
  • Muscular Atrophy / prevention & control*
  • Nutrition Assessment
  • Plant Proteins, Dietary / administration & dosage
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

  • Dietary Proteins
  • Plant Proteins, Dietary