Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) contribute significantly to the world's disease and mortality burden. Global efforts addressing MNDs have achieved significant yet heterogeneous progress across and within regions and countries. For vitamin A and iodine interventions, enhancing achievements in coverage require further political and financial commitment and targeting of hard-to-reach populations. Anemia control must focus on prevention among preschoolers and adolescent women and on integrated public health programs. Current international guidelines on iron supplementation and cut-off values for anemia need revision. For zinc, advocacy to accelerate the application of revised diarrhea management guidelines is critical, as are efficacy studies on food-based interventions and preventive supplementation.