Abstract
Chemokine receptor CCR7 regulates chemotaxis and survival in mature dendritic cells (DCs). We studied the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) in the regulation of CCR7-dependent survival. We show that GSK3beta behaves as a proapoptotic regulator in cultured monocyte-derived human DCs and murine splenic DCs in vitro, and in lymph node DCs in vivo. In keeping with its prosurvival role, stimulation of CCR7 induced phosphorylation/inhibition of GSK3beta, which was mediated by the prosurvival regulator Akt1, but it was independent of ERK1/2, a key regulator of chemotaxis. Stimulation of CCR7 also induced translocation of two transcription-factor targets of Akt, prosurvival NF-kappaB and proapoptotic FOXO1, to the nucleus and cytosol, respectively, resulting in DCs with a phenotype more resistant to apoptotic stimuli. We analyzed if GSK3beta was able to modulate the mobilizations of these transcription factors. Using pharmacological inhibitors, small interfering RNA, and a construct encoding constitutively active GSK3beta, we show that active GSK3beta fosters and hampers the translocations to the nucleus of FOXO and NF-kappaB, respectively. Inhibition of GSK3beta resulted in the degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaB, indicating a mechanism whereby GSK3 can control the translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. GSK3beta and FOXO interacted in vivo, suggesting that this transcription factor could be a substrate of GSK3. The results provide a novel mechanism whereby active GSK3beta contributes to regulate apoptosis in DCs. They also suggest that upon stimulation of CCR7, Akt-mediated phosphorylation/inhibition of GSK3beta may be required to allow complete translocations of FOXO and NF-kappaB that confer DCs an extended survival.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology
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Animals
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Apoptosis / immunology
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Cell Survival / immunology
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Chemokine CCL19 / pharmacology
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Chemokine CCL21 / pharmacology
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Dendritic Cells / drug effects
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Dendritic Cells / immunology*
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Dendritic Cells / metabolism
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / immunology
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
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Forkhead Box Protein O1
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / drug effects
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / immunology
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / immunology*
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
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Humans
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I-kappa B Kinase / immunology
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I-kappa B Kinase / metabolism
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Lithium Chloride / pharmacology
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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NF-kappa B / immunology
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Phosphorylation / drug effects
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Phosphorylation / immunology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / immunology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
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Receptors, CCR7 / agonists
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Receptors, CCR7 / immunology*
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Receptors, CCR7 / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Signal Transduction / immunology
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Thiazoles / pharmacology
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Urea / analogs & derivatives
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Urea / pharmacology
Substances
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Chemokine CCL19
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Chemokine CCL21
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FOXO1 protein, human
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Forkhead Box Protein O1
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Forkhead Transcription Factors
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NF-kappa B
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Receptors, CCR7
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Thiazoles
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N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea
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Urea
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GSK3B protein, human
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
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Gsk3b protein, mouse
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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I-kappa B Kinase
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
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Lithium Chloride