Objective: To investigate the association between Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Intraocular Pressure (IOP) and systemic hypertension.
Design: Cross-sectional, convenient and controlled study.
Setting: Eye Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Subjects: Consecutive newpatients with documented history of hypertension medication of over three months and current attendees at hypertension clinic of the same hospital were enrolled into the study.
Results: A total of 150 hypertensive patients and 50 age-sex matched controls were studied. Age range of hypertensives was 34-54 years and controls 31-71 years. The mean age for hypertensive group was 56 years (+/- 12.95) and controls 54.76 years (+/- 9.65) p > 0.1. The mean IOP was 28.45 mmHg (+/- 10.3) in hypertensive group and 15.2 mmHg (+/- 5.09) in controls (P < 0.001). POAG was present in 58 (38.7%) of the hypertensive patients whilst only nine (18.0%) had POAG in control group (p < 0.01 odds ratio: 22). lOP > 21 mmHg was found in 28 (18.7) of hypertensive group and two (4.0%) of the control (p < 0.01 odds ratio 4.7).
Conclusion: Systemic hypertension showed a modest positive association with elevated intraocular pressure. The strong relationship with IOP in part supports the association with POAG.