Decrease of Foxp3+ Treg cell number and acquisition of effector cell phenotype during lethal infection

Immunity. 2009 Nov 20;31(5):772-86. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.10.001. Epub 2009 Nov 5.

Abstract

Using a model of lethal oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii, we examined the fate of both induced and natural regulatory T (Treg) cells in the face of strong inflammatory responses occurring in a tolerogenic-prone environment. We found that during highly T helper 1 (Th1) cell-polarized mucosal immune responses, Treg cell numbers collapsed via multiple pathways, including blockade of Treg cell induction and disruption of endogenous Treg cell homeostasis. In particular, shutdown of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the highly Th1 cell-polarized environment triggered by infection directly contributes to Treg cell incapacity to suppress effector responses and eventually leads to immunopathogenesis. Furthermore, we found that environmental cues provided by both local dendritic cells and effector T cells can induce the expression of T-bet transcription factor and IFN-gamma by Treg cells. These data reveal a mechanism for Th1 cell pathogenicity that extends beyond their proinflammatory program to limit Treg cell survival.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Interleukin-2 / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Phenotype
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*
  • Toxoplasma*
  • Toxoplasmosis / immunology

Substances

  • Forkhead Transcription Factors
  • Foxp3 protein, mouse
  • Interleukin-2