Heart failure is a serious condition, and it is, therefore, important to identify patients at high risk as early as possible in order to initiate appropriate treatment. The condition results in complicated disease mechanisms including disturbances in blood coagulation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether low plasma concentrations of coagulation factors (F) II, VII and XI influence cardiovascular mortality in an elderly population with possible heart failure. A cardiologist evaluated 450 elderly patients who attended primary healthcare because of symptoms associated with heart failure. He recorded new patient history, conducted a clinical examination, took blood samples, determined concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide and FII, FVII, FXI and performed Doppler echocardiography. The patients were followed over almost a 10-year period during which all mortality was registered. In patients with suspected heart failure, those with low plasma concentrations of FII, FVII, FXI or all had a significantly higher mortality rate during the follow-up period of 10 years as compared with those with higher plasma concentrations, in contrast with findings in previous reports on patients with acute coronary syndromes. In the group with a plasma concentration of the first versus the ninth decile of FII, FVII, FXI or all, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased two to three times.