Behavioral change theories can inform the prediction of young adults' adoption of a plant-based diet

Abstract

Objective: Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), this study (1) examines links between stages of change for following a plant-based diet (PBD) and consuming more fruits and vegetables (FV); (2) tests an integrated theoretical model predicting intention to follow a PBD; and (3) identifies associated salient beliefs.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Large public university in the northeastern United States.

Participants: 204 college students.

Main outcome measures: TPB and TTM constructs were assessed using validated scales. Outcome, normative, and control beliefs were measured using open-ended questions.

Analysis: The overlap between stages of change for FV consumption and adopting a PBD was assessed using Spearman rank correlation analysis and cross-tab comparisons. The proposed model predicting adoption of a PBD was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Salient beliefs were coded using automatic response coding software.

Results: No association was found between stages of change for FV consumption and following a PBD. Results from SEM analyses provided support for the proposed model predicting intention to follow a PBD. Gender differences in salient beliefs for following a PBD were found.

Conclusions and implications: Results demonstrate the potential for effective theory-driven and stage-tailored public health interventions to promote PBDs.