C-reactive protein is a strong predictor for anaemia in renal cell carcinoma: role of IL-6 in overall survival

BJU Int. 2011 Jun;107(12):1893-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09817.x. Epub 2010 Nov 10.

Abstract

Objective: • To elucidate the association of progression of advanced renal cell carcinoma with anaemia and investigate factors influencing tumor-associated anaemia.

Patients and methods: • We analyzed different clinical variables to study associations with anaemia in 86 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. • 45 (52%) of patients had already developed anaemia prior to therapy.

Results: • Anaemic patients had an increase in the serum markers C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and erythropoietin (EPO). In addition we observed substantial correlation between IL-6 and CRP serum levels (R = 0.639, P < 0.0001). • Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with IL-6 >10 pg/mL had a considerable increase in risk for anaemia (odds ratio 3.86, P= 0.003). • In addition, patients with CRP >0.7 mg/dL had a very strong increase in risk for anaemia (OR = 14.08, P < 0.0001). • Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed CRP >0.7 mg/mL as the only independent predictor for anaemia. Cox-regression modeling selected serum IL-6 as the strongest independent prognostic indicator (hazard ratio 3.58, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion: • Anaemia depends on serum IL-6, which is a strong inductor of CRP and regulator of the iron-transport. Serum IL-6 may be considered as a target to treat cancer-related anaemia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anemia / etiology*
  • Anemia / mortality
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • C-Reactive Protein / metabolism*
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / complications*
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / mortality
  • Epidemiologic Methods
  • Erythropoietin / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism*
  • Kidney Neoplasms / complications*
  • Kidney Neoplasms / mortality
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Interleukin-6
  • Erythropoietin
  • C-Reactive Protein