Host fibrinogen stably bound to hemozoin rapidly activates monocytes via TLR-4 and CD11b/CD18-integrin: a new paradigm of hemozoin action

Blood. 2011 May 26;117(21):5674-82. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-10-312413. Epub 2011 Apr 1.

Abstract

Natural hemozoin (nHZ), prepared after schizogony, consists of crystalline ferriprotoporphyrin-IX dimers from undigested heme bound to host and parasite proteins and lipids. Phagocytosed nHZ alters important functions of host phagocytes. Most alterations are long-term effects. We show that host fibrinogen (FG) was constantly present (at ~ 1 FG per 25 000 HZ-heme molecules) and stably bound to nHZ from plasma-cultured parasites. FG was responsible for the rapid 100-fold stimulation of reactive oxygen species production and 50-fold increase of TNF and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 by human monocytes. Those effects, starting within minutes after nHZ cell contact, were because of interaction of FG with FG-receptors TLR4 and integrin CD11b/CD18. Receptor blockage by specific mAbs or removal of FG from nHZ abrogated the effects. nHZ-opsonizing IgGs contribute to the stimulatory response but are not essential for FG effects. Immediate increase in reactive oxygen species and TNF may switch on previously described long-term effects of nHZ, largely because of HZ-generated lipo-peroxidation products 15(S,R)-hydroxy-6,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid and 4-hydroxynonenal. The FG/HZ effects mediated by TLR4/integrins represent a novel paradigm of nHZ activity and allow expansion of nHZ effects to nonphagocytic cells, such as endothelia and airway epithelia, and lead to a better understanding of organ pathology in malaria.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blotting, Western
  • CD11b Antigen / metabolism*
  • CD18 Antigens / metabolism*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Fibrinogen / metabolism*
  • Hemeproteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Integrins / metabolism*
  • Malaria, Falciparum / metabolism
  • Malaria, Falciparum / parasitology
  • Monocytes / metabolism*
  • Monocytes / parasitology
  • Phagocytosis
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism*

Substances

  • CD11b Antigen
  • CD18 Antigens
  • Hemeproteins
  • ITGAM protein, human
  • Integrins
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • TLR4 protein, human
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • hemozoin
  • Fibrinogen