Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade is the prototype mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade that regulates a number of processes, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, stress responses and apoptosis. How this seemingly linear cascade is modulated to achieve a specific cellular function has been a main focus of the field. In this review, we describe new as well as old findings in the regulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in normal and disease states via MAP3Ks.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Calcineurin / metabolism
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Calcineurin Inhibitors
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Cell Proliferation*
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Diabetes Mellitus / genetics
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Diabetes Mellitus / metabolism
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Diabetes Mellitus / pathology
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Enzyme Activation
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Feedback, Physiological
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Glucose / metabolism
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Humans
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MAP Kinase Signaling System*
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Mammals
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Mutation
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Neoplasms / genetics
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Neoplasms / metabolism
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / metabolism*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / metabolism
Substances
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Calcineurin Inhibitors
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BRAF protein, human
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
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Calcineurin
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Glucose