Signal control through Raf: in sickness and in health

Cell Res. 2012 Jan;22(1):14-22. doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.193. Epub 2011 Dec 6.

Abstract

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade is the prototype mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade that regulates a number of processes, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, stress responses and apoptosis. How this seemingly linear cascade is modulated to achieve a specific cellular function has been a main focus of the field. In this review, we describe new as well as old findings in the regulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in normal and disease states via MAP3Ks.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcineurin / metabolism
  • Calcineurin Inhibitors
  • Cell Proliferation*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / genetics
  • Diabetes Mellitus / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus / pathology
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Feedback, Physiological
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Humans
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System*
  • Mammals
  • Mutation
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Neoplasms / pathology
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / metabolism

Substances

  • Calcineurin Inhibitors
  • BRAF protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
  • Calcineurin
  • Glucose