Comparison of stability of two kinds of sacro-iliac screws in the fixation of bilateral sacral fractures in a finite element model

Abstract

Objective: To compare the stability of lengthened sacro-iliac screw and sacro-iliac screw for the treatment of bilateral vertical sacral fractures to provide reference for clinical application.

Methods: A finite element model of Tile C pelvic ring injury (bilateral type Denis II fracture of sacrum) was produced. (Tile and Denis are surgeons, who put forward the classifications of pelvic ring injury and sacral fracture respectively.) The bilateral sacral fractures were fixed with a lengthened sacro-iliac screw and a sacro-iliac screw in seven types of models, respectively. The translation and angular displacement of the superior surface of the sacrum in the case of standing on both feet were measured and compared.

Results: The stability of one lengthened sacro-iliac screw fixation in the S1 or S2 segment is superior to that of two bidirectional sacro-iliac screws in the same sacral segment; the stability of one lengthened sacro-iliac screw fixation in S1 and S2 segments, respectively, is superior to that of two bidirectional sacro-iliac screw fixation in S1 and S2 segments, respectively; the stability of one lengthened sacro-iliac screw fixation in S1 and S2 segments, respectively, is superior to that of one lengthened sacro-iliac screw fixation in the S1 or S2 segment; the stability of two bidirectional sacro-iliac screw fixation in S1 and S2 segments, respectively, is markedly superior to that of two bidirectional sacro-iliac screw fixation in the S1 or S2 segment and is also markedly superior to that of one sacro-iliac screw fixation in the S1 segment and one sacro-iliac screw fixation in the S2 segment; the vertical stability of the lengthened sacro-iliac screw or the sacro-iliac screw fixation in S2 is superior to that of S1. The rotational stability of the lengthened sacro-iliac screw or sacro-iliac screw fixation in S1 is superior to that of S2.

Conclusion: S1 and S2 lengthened sacro-iliac screws should be used for the fixation in bilateral sacral fractures of Tile C pelvic ring injury as far as possible and the most stable fixation is the combination of the lengthened sacro-iliac screws of S1 and S2 segments. Even if lengthened sacro-iliac screws cannot be used due to limited conditions, two bidirectional sacro-iliac screw fixation in S1 and S2 segments, respectively, is recommended. No matter which kind of sacro-iliac screw is applied, the fixation combination of S1 and S2 segments is strongly recommended to maximise the stability of the pelvic posterior ring.