Abstract
Leukaemia in neonates (infants <1 month) is rare, whereby neonatal acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is more frequent than neonatal acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). High mortality rates are observed, though AML has a better prognosis than ALL. Neonatal leukaemia is typically presented with hepatosplenomegaly, leukaemia cutis and/or hyperleucocytosis. Congenital infections should be ruled out before diagnosis. Rearrangement of the MLL gene is the most frequently occurring genetic aberration. Treatment includes intensive multi-agent chemotherapy, usually with age-related dose adjustments next to supportive care. Treatment intensification for ALL could be indicated in the future as the dismal prognosis is subject to high relapse rates in ALL.
Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Humans
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Infant, Newborn
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Leukemia / diagnosis*
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Leukemia / drug therapy
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Leukemia / physiopathology
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Leukemia / therapy*
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Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis
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Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / drug therapy
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Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / physiopathology
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Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / physiopathology
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / therapy
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Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis
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Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / drug therapy
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Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / physiopathology
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Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / therapy
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Prognosis