Spatiotemporal analysis of the inflammatory response has been limited by the difficulties of in vivo imaging and reconstitution of inflammation in vitro. Here, we present a novel method for establishing in vivo-like inflammatory models in a microfluidic device and quantitatively measuring the three-dimensional transmigration of neutrophils during the inflammatory process. This enabled us to concurrently characterize transendothelial migration behaviors of neutrophils under the influence of various inflammatory stimuli.