Immunotherapies: the blockade of inhibitory signals

Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(10):1420-30. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.5273. Epub 2012 Nov 17.

Abstract

T lymphocytes require signaling by the T cell receptor and by nonclonotypic cosignaling receptors. The costimulatory and inhibitory signals profoundly influence the course of immune responses by amplifying or reducing the transcriptional effects of T cell receptor triggering. The inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA have recently drawn much attention as potential targets for immunotherapies. This review focuses on the progress that has been made with the mentioned receptors in the field of immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases, malignancies, infectious diseases, and transplantation.

Keywords: BTLA; CTLA-4; Inhibitory receptors; PD-1; immunotherapy..

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abatacept
  • Animals
  • Antigens, Differentiation / chemistry
  • Antigens, Differentiation / genetics
  • Antigens, Differentiation / immunology*
  • B7-H1 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors
  • B7-H1 Antigen / metabolism
  • B7-H1 Antigen / physiology
  • CD28 Antigens / immunology
  • CD28 Antigens / metabolism
  • CTLA-4 Antigen / chemistry
  • CTLA-4 Antigen / genetics
  • CTLA-4 Antigen / immunology
  • Immunoconjugates / pharmacology
  • Immunoconjugates / therapeutic use
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / pharmacology
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Immunotherapy / trends*
  • Mice
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
  • Receptors, Immunologic / chemistry
  • Receptors, Immunologic / genetics
  • Receptors, Immunologic / immunology*
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 / metabolism
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 / physiology
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Transplantation Immunology

Substances

  • Antigens, Differentiation
  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • BTLA protein, mouse
  • CD28 Antigens
  • CTLA-4 Antigen
  • Cd274 protein, mouse
  • Immunoconjugates
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Pdcd1 protein, mouse
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
  • Receptors, Immunologic
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
  • Abatacept