AKI associated with synthetic cannabinoids: a case series

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Apr;8(4):523-6. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05690612. Epub 2012 Dec 14.

Abstract

SPICE, or K2, encompasses preparations of synthetic cannabinoids marketed as incense products, bath additives, and air fresheners and used for recreational purposes. These preparations are usually smoked for their cannabis-like effects and do not appear on routine urine toxicology screens. We report four cases of oliguric AKI associated with SPICE use in previously healthy men. All showed improvement in renal function without need for renal replacement therapy. Renal biopsy, performed in three of the patients, revealed acute tubular necrosis. The close temporal and geographic associations between the clinical presentation and the development of AKI strongly suggest an association between these SPICE preparations and AKI. Further investigations are required to identify the potential nephrotoxic agent(s). Nephrotoxicity from designer drugs should be included in the differential diagnosis of AKI, especially in young adults with negative urine drug screens.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / chemically induced*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / diagnosis
  • Adult
  • Cannabinoids / adverse effects*
  • Designer Drugs / adverse effects*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Humans
  • Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / chemically induced*
  • Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / diagnosis
  • Male
  • Oliguria / chemically induced
  • Oliguria / diagnosis
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Cannabinoids
  • Designer Drugs