Abstract
Objectives:
We previously reported HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent and the dynamic of HIV-1 dissemination in eight Warao communities.
Design and setting:
HIV-1 infection was evaluated in 576 Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were analyzed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal and demographic dynamics of the epidemic.
Results:
HIV-1 antibodies were present in 9.55% of Warao Amerindians, ranging from 0 to 22%. A significantly higher prevalence was found in men (15.6%) compared with women (2.6%), reaching up to 35% in men from one community. All but one isolates were classified as subtype B. Warao's HIV-1 subtype-B epidemic resulted from a single viral introduction at around the early 2000s. After an initial phase of slow growth, the subtype B started to spread at a fast rate (0.8/year) following two major routes of migration within the communities.
Conclusion:
A dramatic high prevalence was documented in almost all the communities of Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta tested for HIV-1 infection. This epidemic resulted from the dissemination of a single HIV-1 subtype B founder strain introduced about 10 years ago and its size is probably doubling every year, creating a situation that can be devastating for this vulnerable Amerindian group.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Child
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Cluster Analysis
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Epidemics*
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Female
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Genotype
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HIV Infections / epidemiology*
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HIV Infections / virology
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HIV-1 / classification*
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HIV-1 / genetics
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HIV-1 / isolation & purification*
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Humans
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Indians, South American*
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Molecular Epidemiology
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Phylogeography
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Prevalence
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Venezuela / epidemiology
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Young Adult
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pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / genetics
Substances
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pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Associated data
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GENBANK/KC133213
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GENBANK/KC133214
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GENBANK/KC133215
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GENBANK/KC133216
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