Increase ICAM-1 and LFA-1 expression by cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: involvement of TNF-α

Brain Res. 2013 May 28:1512:89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.041. Epub 2013 Mar 30.

Abstract

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a frequent occurrence in cerebrovascular accidents, and inflammation occurs in the subarachnoid space after SAH. Arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigens and active T-lymphocytes after stimulation by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, the effect of CSF on T-lymphocytes and arachnoid cell adhesion was not clearly understood. In this study, we used ELISA to detected tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content in CSF of SAH patients. CSF or recombinant TNF-α were applied on arachnoid cells and T-lymphoctes, and RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in arachnoid cells and Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) in T-lymphocytes, respectively. Meanwhile, the Matrix Metal Proteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in these cells was also determined. We found that the content of TNF-α in the CSF was significantly increased in the CSF of SAH patients (from 22 ± 8 pg/mL of healthy people to 436-450 pg/mL of SAH patients). Treatement with CSF could increase the expression of ICAM-1 in arachnoid cells and that of LFA-1 in T-lymphocytes, mainly through the increased levels of TNF-α. We also found that the co-culture of arachnoid cells and T-lymphocytes increased the expression of MMP-9 in both cells through the interaction of ICAM-1 of and LFA-1. All of these results suggested that arachnoid cells are involved in the T-lymphocytes invasion in the subarachnoid space after SAH.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies / pharmacology
  • Arachnoid / cytology
  • Arachnoid / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / genetics
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / immunology
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / genetics
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / immunology
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / pathology
  • T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Time Factors
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
  • Up-Regulation / drug effects
  • Up-Regulation / physiology*

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9