Abstract
Abnormal pigmentation, particularly hyperpigmentation, is major issue of concern for people with colored skin. Several hypopigmenting agents, which exert their action by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and/or transcription, have been used for treatment. However, results have been discouraging. To manage abnormal pigmentation properly, the mechanisms of melanogenesis should be understood. Endogenous and exogenous factors affect melanogenesis via intracellular machineries. cAMP and PKC are critical factors of important transduction pathways and cross-talk between them could amplify the melanogenic effect. Here, factors involved in melanogenesis regulation via cAMP and/or PKC pathways are reviewed with their action mechanisms.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antioxidants / administration & dosage
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Antioxidants / chemistry
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Cyclic AMP / antagonists & inhibitors
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Cyclic AMP / physiology*
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Epidermal Cells
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Epidermis / drug effects
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Epidermis / metabolism*
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Humans
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Hydroquinones / administration & dosage
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Hydroquinones / chemistry
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Melanins / antagonists & inhibitors
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Melanins / metabolism
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Melanocytes / drug effects
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Melanocytes / metabolism*
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Protein Kinase C / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein Kinase C / physiology*
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Radiation-Protective Agents / administration & dosage
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Radiation-Protective Agents / chemistry
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Tretinoin / administration & dosage
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Tretinoin / chemistry
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Ultraviolet Rays
Substances
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Antioxidants
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Hydroquinones
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Melanins
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Radiation-Protective Agents
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Tretinoin
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Cyclic AMP
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Protein Kinase C
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hydroquinone