ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to identify and synthesize evidence concerning the most widely used contemporary occupation-focused models including Ecology of human performance; Model of human occupation; Occupational adaptation; and Person-environment-occupational performance. The paper characterizes the amount and type of evidence. Evidence found includes illustrations of how the models can be applied to understand and address a particular problem or population, basic studies that test or expand theoretical concepts, psychometric studies, studies that document therapy outcomes, and studies that examine clinical reasoning and/or practice based on the models. The four models differed widely in the amount and type of evidence available.