Copper bracelets and magnetic wrist straps for rheumatoid arthritis--analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial

PLoS One. 2013 Sep 16;8(9):e71529. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071529. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

Background: Folklore remedies for pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis include the application of magnets and copper to the skin. Despite the popular use of devices containing magnets or copper for this purpose, little research has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of such treatments.

Objective: To investigate whether the practice of wearing magnetic wrists straps, or copper bracelets, offers any specific therapeutic benefit for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Design: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Methods: 70 patients, aged 33 to 79 years and predominantly female (n = 52), with painful rheumatoid arthritis were recruited from general practices within Yorkshire. Participants were randomly allocated to wear four devices in a different order. Devices tested were: a standard (1502 to 2365 gauss) magnetic wrist strap, a demagnetised (<20 gauss) wrist strap, an attenuated (250 to 350 gauss) magnetic wrist strap, and a copper bracelet. Devices were each worn for five weeks, with treatment phases being separated by one week wash-out periods. The primary outcome measured was pain using a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Secondary pain measures were the McGill Pain Questionnaire and tender joint count. Inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein and plasma viscosity blood tests and by swollen joint count. Physical function was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (Disability Index). Disease activity and medication use was also measured.

Results: 65 participants provided complete self-report outcome data for all devices, four participants provided partial data. Analysis of treatment outcomes did not reveal any statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the four devices in terms of their effects on pain, inflammation, physical function, disease activity, or medication use.

Conclusions: Wearing a magnetic wrist strap or a copper bracelet did not appear to have any meaningful therapeutic effect, beyond that of a placebo, for alleviating symptoms and combating disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Trial registration: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN51459023 ISRCTN51459023.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Topical
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Analgesics / administration & dosage*
  • Analgesics / therapeutic use*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / drug therapy*
  • Copper / administration & dosage*
  • Copper / therapeutic use*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetics*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Wrist*

Substances

  • Analgesics
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Copper

Associated data

  • ISRCTN/ISRCTN51459023

Grants and funding

The CAMBRA Trial was funded as part of a doctoral training award, granted to Stewart Richmond, from the National Institute for Health Research (see: http://www.nihrtcc.nhs.uk/). Magnetic wrist straps were purchased from MagnaMax Healthcare of Ontario, Canada (no longer training) at a discount, below the usual retail price, for a bulk order (total cost £1,050). Copper bracelets were purchased from a local pharmacy at trade price (total cost £175). Participating haematology departments agreed to process blood tests at standard NHS rates (total cost £3,955). The trial received no commercial funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.