Gonad and plasma samples were taken from blue cod captured throughout the reproductive cycle, gonad condition was assessed, and plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17αOHP), 17α,20Β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20ΒP), testosterone (T), 17Β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were measured by radioimmunoassay. It was confirmed that spawning occurred over an extended period in late winter and spring, with individual fish being involved in multiple spawning events. Plasma levels of T were bimodal in both sexes with peaks (maximum of 6.0 ng.ml(-1)) occurring 2 months prior to, and also during the early part of the spawning period. 17α,20ΒP was elevated in males (2.1 ng.ml(-1)) in mid-spermatogenesis coinciding with the first T peak (4.9 ng.m.(-1)). 17α,20ΒP was detectable but not significantly elevated (0.6-1.2 ng.ml(-1)) at any sample time in females. E2 was elevated in mature females (1.0 ng.ml(-1)) early in the spawning period but remained at assay detection limits (0.3 ng.ml(-1)) at all other sample times. Neither 17αOHP nor E1 were detectable in the plasma of either sex. It is suggested that bimodal increases in sex steroids prior to spawning may be a feature of species with rapid recrudescence.