Membranous replication factories induced by plus-strand RNA viruses

Viruses. 2014 Jul 22;6(7):2826-57. doi: 10.3390/v6072826.

Abstract

In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the membranous replication factories of members of plus-strand (+) RNA viruses. We discuss primarily the architecture of these complex membrane rearrangements, because this topic emerged in the last few years as electron tomography has become more widely available. A general denominator is that two "morphotypes" of membrane alterations can be found that are exemplified by flaviviruses and hepaciviruses: membrane invaginations towards the lumen of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and double membrane vesicles, representing extrusions also originating from the ER, respectively. We hypothesize that either morphotype might reflect common pathways and principles that are used by these viruses to form their membranous replication compartments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Membrane / ultrastructure*
  • Cell Membrane / virology
  • Coronaviridae / classification
  • Coronaviridae / physiology
  • Coronaviridae / ultrastructure
  • Electron Microscope Tomography
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / ultrastructure*
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / virology
  • Eukaryotic Cells / pathology
  • Eukaryotic Cells / virology*
  • Flaviviridae / classification
  • Flaviviridae / physiology
  • Flaviviridae / ultrastructure
  • Hepacivirus / classification
  • Hepacivirus / physiology
  • Hepacivirus / ultrastructure
  • Humans
  • Phylogeny
  • Picornaviridae / classification
  • Picornaviridae / physiology
  • Picornaviridae / ultrastructure
  • Viral Proteins / chemistry*
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Replication / physiology*

Substances

  • Viral Proteins