Introduction: Facial esthetics are important for self-esteem. Undesired submental fat (SMF) deposits lead to an unappealing submental profile associated with aging and overweight. Compound ATX-101 is a proprietary formulation of purified synthetic deoxycholic acid for pharmacological submental contouring. Review areas covered: This reviews covers anatomy of SMF, biochemistry of deoxycholic acid related to adipose tissue and tissue response to injection of ATX-101. Data from clinical trials were analyzed for efficacy and safety.
Methodology: Published studies using PubMed(©) database 2000 - 2014 have been analyzed. The terms 'deoxycholate', 'deoxycholic acid', 'ATX-101' and 'injection lipolysis' were used.
Results: Deoxycholic acid causes adipocyte breakdown and an inflammatory tissue reaction leading to fat cell reduction and limited fibrosis. Four large clinical Phase III trials demonstrated efficacy of ATX-101 in reduction of SMF measured by validated scales and objective measurements. Patients reported improved psychological features and feeling. Adverse effects were mild and temporary.
Expert opinion: Adipocytolysis of SMF by ATX-101 is an important step forward to the development of approved drugs for reduction of localized fat pads. This could become a growing market.
Keywords: ATX-101; deoxycholic acid; injection adipocytolysis; submental fat.