Characteristics of Misclassified CT Perfusion Ischemic Core in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Ralph R E G Geuskens; Jordi Borst; Marit Lucas; A M Merel Boers; Olvert A Berkhemer; Yvo B W E M Roos; Marianne A A van Walderveen; Sjoerd F M Jenniskens; Wim H van Zwam; Diederik W J Dippel; Charles B L M Majoie; Henk A Marquering; MR CLEAN trial investigators(www.mrclean-trial.org)

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141571

Characteristics of Misclassified CT Perfusion Ischemic Core in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

PLoS One. 2015 Nov 4;10(11):e0141571. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141571. eCollection 2015.

Affiliations

¹ Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
² Dept. of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
³ Dept. of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴ Dept. of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁵ Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁶ Dept. of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
⁷ Dept. of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Abstract

Background: CT perfusion (CTP) is used to estimate the extent of ischemic core and penumbra in patients with acute ischemic stroke. CTP reliability, however, is limited. This study aims to identify regions misclassified as ischemic core on CTP, using infarct on follow-up noncontrast CT. We aim to assess differences in volumetric and perfusion characteristics in these regions compared to areas that ended up as infarct on follow-up.

Materials and methods: This study included 35 patients with >100 mm brain coverage CTP. CTP processing was performed using Philips software (IntelliSpace 7.0). Final infarct was automatically segmented on follow-up noncontrast CT and used as reference. CTP and follow-up noncontrast CT image data were registered. This allowed classification of ischemic lesion agreement (core on CTP: rMTT≥145%, aCBV<2.0 ml/100g and infarct on follow-up noncontrast CT) and misclassified ischemic core (core on CTP, not identified on follow-up noncontrast CT) regions. False discovery ratio (FDR), defined as misclassified ischemic core volume divided by total CTP ischemic core volume, was calculated. Absolute and relative CTP parameters (CBV, CBF, and MTT) were calculated for both misclassified CTP ischemic core and ischemic lesion agreement regions and compared using paired rank-sum tests.

Results: Median total CTP ischemic core volume was 49.7ml (IQR:29.9ml-132ml); median misclassified ischemic core volume was 30.4ml (IQR:20.9ml-77.0ml). Median FDR between patients was 62% (IQR:49%-80%). Median relative mean transit time was 243% (IQR:198%-289%) and 342% (IQR:249%-432%) for misclassified and ischemic lesion agreement regions, respectively. Median absolute cerebral blood volume was 1.59 (IQR:1.43-1.79) ml/100g (P<0.01) and 1.38 (IQR:1.15-1.49) ml/100g (P<0.01) for misclassified ischemic core and ischemic lesion agreement, respectively. All CTP parameter values differed significantly.

Conclusion: For all patients a considerable region of the CTP ischemic core is misclassified. CTP parameters significantly differed between ischemic lesion agreement and misclassified CTP ischemic core, suggesting that CTP analysis may benefit from revisions.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Blood Volume
Brain Ischemia / classification*
Brain Ischemia / diagnostic imaging*
Brain Ischemia / pathology
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods*
Perfusion
Stroke / classification*
Stroke / diagnostic imaging*
Stroke / pathology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*

Grants and funding

Part of this research has been sponsored by the ITEA2 project, label 10004: MEDUSA – Medical Distributed Utilization of Services & Applications (https://itea3.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The MRCLEAN trial is supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation and by unrestricted grants from AngioCare, Covidien/ev3, Medac/Lamepro, and Penumbra.