Integration of linear and dendritic actin nucleation in Nck-induced actin comets

Mol Biol Cell. 2016 Jan 15;27(2):247-59. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E14-11-1555. Epub 2015 Nov 25.

Abstract

The Nck adaptor protein recruits cytosolic effectors such as N-WASP that induce localized actin polymerization. Experimental aggregation of Nck SH3 domains at the membrane induces actin comet tails--dynamic, elongated filamentous actin structures similar to those that drive the movement of microbial pathogens such as vaccinia virus. Here we show that experimental manipulation of the balance between unbranched/branched nucleation altered the morphology and dynamics of Nck-induced actin comets. Inhibition of linear, formin-based nucleation with the small-molecule inhibitor SMIFH2 or overexpression of the formin FH1 domain resulted in formation of predominantly circular-shaped actin structures with low mobility (actin blobs). These results indicate that formin-based linear actin polymerization is critical for the formation and maintenance of Nck-dependent actin comet tails. Consistent with this, aggregation of an exclusively branched nucleation-promoting factor (the VCA domain of N-WASP), with density and turnover similar to those of N-WASP in Nck comets, did not reconstitute dynamic, elongated actin comets. Furthermore, enhancement of branched Arp2/3-mediated nucleation by N-WASP overexpression caused loss of the typical actin comet tail shape induced by Nck aggregation. Thus the ratio of linear to dendritic nucleation activity may serve to distinguish the properties of actin structures induced by various viral and bacterial pathogens.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
  • Actins / metabolism*
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Dendrites / metabolism
  • Fetal Proteins / metabolism
  • Formins
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Microfilament Proteins / metabolism
  • NIH 3T3 Cells
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
  • Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal / metabolism
  • src Homology Domains

Substances

  • Actins
  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Fetal Proteins
  • Formins
  • Microfilament Proteins
  • Nck protein
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Oncogene Proteins
  • WASL protein, human
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal