A Remodeled Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone Ensemble with the Novel Cochaperone Aarsd1 Is Required for Muscle Differentiation

Mol Cell Biol. 2016 Mar 31;36(8):1310-21. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01099-15. Print 2016 Apr.

Abstract

Hsp90 is the ATP-consuming core component of a very abundant molecular chaperone machine that handles a substantial portion of the cytosolic proteome. Rather than one machine, it is in fact an ensemble of molecular machines, since most mammalian cells express two cytosolic isoforms of Hsp90 and a subset of up to 40 to 50 cochaperones and regulate their interactions and functions by a variety of posttranslational modifications. We demonstrate that the Hsp90 ensemble is fundamentally remodeled during muscle differentiation and that this remodeling is not just a consequence of muscle differentiation but possibly one of the drivers to accompany and to match the vast proteomic changes associated with this process. As myoblasts differentiate into myotubes, Hsp90α disappears and only Hsp90β remains, which is the only isoform capable of interacting with the novel muscle-specific Hsp90 cochaperone Aarsd1L. Artificially maintaining Hsp90α or knocking down Aarsd1L expression interferes with the differentiation of C2C12 myotubes. During muscle differentiation, Aarsd1L replaces the more ubiquitous cochaperone p23 and in doing so dampens the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor, one of the Hsp90 clients relevant to muscle functions. This cochaperone switch protects muscle cells against the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids and may contribute to preventing muscle wasting induced by excess glucocorticoids.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alanine-tRNA Ligase / genetics
  • Alanine-tRNA Ligase / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Gene Expression
  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Muscle Development*
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / cytology
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism

Substances

  • HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
  • Aarsd1 protein, human
  • Aarsd1 protein, mouse
  • Alanine-tRNA Ligase