Abstract
Objectives:
Here, we hypothesized that Hovenia dulcis branch extract (HDB) and its active constituents ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions by modulating the T helper Th1/Th2 balance in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced production of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in HaCaT cells.
Methods:
HaCaT cells were stimulated by TNF-α/IFN-γ in the presence of HDB and its constituents. TARC and MDC were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. For the in-vivo study, oral feeding of HDB was performed for 5 weeks with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) treatment every other day. The efficacy of HDB on parameters of DNCB-induced AD was evaluated morphologically, physiologically and immunologically.
Key findings:
In-vitro studies showed that HDB and its constituents suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced production of TARC and MDC in HaCaT cells by inhibiting MAPK signalling. In-vivo studies showed that HDB regulated immunoglobulin (Ig) E and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) levels in serum and the expression of mRNA for Th1- and Th2-related mediators in skin lesions. Histopathological analyses revealed reduced epidermal thickness and reduced infiltration of skin lesions by inflammatory cells.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that HDB inhibits AD-like skin diseases by regulating Th1 and Th2 responses in NC/Nga mice and in HaCaT cells.
Keywords:
Hovenia dulcis; NC/Nga mice; Th1-/Th2-related mediators; atopic dermatitis; immunoglobulin E; immunoglobulin G2a.
© 2016 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
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Cell Line
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Chemokine CCL17 / metabolism
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Chemokine CCL22 / metabolism
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Chemokines / blood
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Chemokines / immunology
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Chemokines / metabolism*
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Dermatitis, Atopic / blood
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Dermatitis, Atopic / chemically induced
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Dermatitis, Atopic / immunology
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Dermatitis, Atopic / prevention & control*
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Dinitrochlorobenzene
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Disease Models, Animal
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin E / blood
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Immunoglobulin G / blood
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Interferon-gamma / pharmacology
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Keratinocytes / drug effects*
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Keratinocytes / immunology
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Keratinocytes / metabolism
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Male
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Mice
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Phytotherapy
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Plant Extracts / isolation & purification
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
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Plants, Medicinal
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Rhamnaceae / chemistry*
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Skin / drug effects*
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Skin / immunology
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Skin / metabolism
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Skin / pathology
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Th1 Cells / drug effects
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Th1 Cells / immunology
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Th1 Cells / metabolism
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Th1-Th2 Balance / drug effects
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Th2 Cells / drug effects
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Th2 Cells / immunology
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Th2 Cells / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
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Vanillic Acid / analogs & derivatives*
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Vanillic Acid / isolation & purification
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Vanillic Acid / pharmacology*
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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CCL17 protein, human
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CCL22 protein, human
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Chemokine CCL17
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Chemokine CCL22
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Chemokines
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Dinitrochlorobenzene
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Immunoglobulin G
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Plant Extracts
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Transcription Factors
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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methyl vanillate
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Immunoglobulin E
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Interferon-gamma
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Vanillic Acid