Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome due to Severe Hyponatremia Mimicking Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2017 Apr;85(4):212-215. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-100460. Epub 2017 Apr 24.

Abstract

Hyponatremia and its rapid correction is a well-known cause of osmotic demyelination most commonly affecting the pons. We report on a case of severe hyponatremia likely due to psychogenic polydipsia resulting in hypotonic hyperhydration with resulting cortical laminar necrosis on initial imaging, mimicking hypoxic brain damage. Pontine myelinolysis became apparent on follow-up imaging, illustrating the diagnostic challenges of extrapontine manifestations of severe hyponatremia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Demyelinating Diseases / etiology*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyponatremia / complications*
  • Hyponatremia / diagnosis*
  • Hyponatremia / etiology
  • Hypoxia, Brain / diagnosis*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Myelinolysis, Central Pontine / diagnostic imaging
  • Myelinolysis, Central Pontine / etiology
  • Necrosis
  • Neuroimaging
  • Polydipsia / complications
  • Pons / physiopathology