The RAG transposon is active through the deuterostome evolution and domesticated in jawed vertebrates

Immunogenetics. 2017 Jun;69(6):391-400. doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-0979-5. Epub 2017 Apr 28.

Abstract

RAG1 and RAG2 are essential subunits of the V(D)J recombinase required for the generation of the variability of antibodies and T cell receptors in jawed vertebrates. It was demonstrated that the amphioxus homologue of RAG1-RAG2 is encoded in an active transposon, belonging to the transposase DDE superfamily. The data provided support the possibility that the RAG transposon has been active through the deuterostome evolution and is still active in several lineages. The RAG transposon corresponds to several families present in deuterostomes. RAG1-RAG2 V(D)J recombinase evolved from one of them, partially due to the new ability of the transposon to interact with the cellular reparation machinery. Considering the fact that the RAG transposon survived millions of years in many different lineages, in multiple copies, and that DDE transposases evolved their association with proteins involved in repair mechanisms, we propose that the apparition of V(D)J recombination machinery could be a predictable genetic event.

Keywords: Ancestral state; Cooption; Immune system; Recombination; Transposon.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • DNA Transposable Elements*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics*
  • Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism
  • Multigene Family
  • Phylogeny
  • Recombination, Genetic*
  • V(D)J Recombination
  • Vertebrates / genetics

Substances

  • DNA Transposable Elements
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • V(D)J recombination activating protein 2
  • RAG-1 protein