Introduction: Labeling using iron oxide particles enables cell tracking through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the magnetic field can affect the particle-labeled cells. Here, we investigated the effects of a clinical MRI system on primary human hepatocytes labeled using micrometer-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs).
Methods: HuH7 tumor cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of biocompatible, silica-based, micrometer-sized iron oxide-containing particles (sMPIOs; 40-160 particles/cell). Primary human hepatocytes were incubated with 100 sMPIOs/cell. The particle-labeled cells and the native cells were imaged using a clinical 3.0 T MRI system, whereas the control groups of the labeled and unlabeled cells were kept at room temperature without exposure to a magnetic field. Viability, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), aspartate aminotransferase leakage, and urea and albumin synthesis were assessed for a culture period of 5 days.
Results: The dose finding study showed no adverse effects of the sMPIOs labeling on HuH7 cells. MRI had no adverse effects on the morphology of the sMPIO-labeled primary human hepatocytes. Imaging using the T1- and T2-weighted sequences did not affect the viability, transaminase leakage, formation of ROS, or metabolic activity of the sMPIO-labeled cells or the unlabeled, primary human hepatocytes.
Conclusion: sMPIOs did not induce adverse effects on the labeled cells under the conditions of the magnetic field of a clinical MRI system.
Keywords: adverse effects; magnetic resonance imaging; sMPIO.