AML1-ETO requires enhanced C/D box snoRNA/RNP formation to induce self-renewal and leukaemia

Nat Cell Biol. 2017 Jul;19(7):844-855. doi: 10.1038/ncb3563. Epub 2017 Jun 26.

Abstract

Leukaemogenesis requires enhanced self-renewal, which is induced by oncogenes. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified C/D box snoRNAs and rRNA 2'-O-methylation as critical determinants of leukaemic stem cell activity. Leukaemogenesis by AML1-ETO required expression of the groucho-related amino-terminal enhancer of split (AES). AES functioned by inducing snoRNA/RNP formation via interaction with the RNA helicase DDX21. Similarly, global loss of C/D box snoRNAs with concomitant loss of rRNA 2'-O-methylation resulted in decreased leukaemia self-renewal potential. Genomic deletion of either C/D box snoRNA SNORD14D or SNORD35A suppressed clonogenic potential of leukaemia cells in vitro and delayed leukaemogenesis in vivo. We further showed that AML1-ETO9a, MYC and MLL-AF9 all enhanced snoRNA formation. Expression levels of C/D box snoRNAs in AML patients correlated closely with in vivo frequency of leukaemic stem cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that induction of C/D box snoRNA/RNP function constitutes an important pathway in leukaemogenesis.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation*
  • Cell Self Renewal*
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism*
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology
  • Co-Repressor Proteins
  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / genetics
  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / metabolism*
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases / genetics
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • HEK293 Cells
  • HL-60 Cells
  • Humans
  • K562 Cells
  • Leukemia / genetics
  • Leukemia / metabolism*
  • Leukemia / pathology
  • Methylation
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / genetics
  • Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / metabolism*
  • Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / genetics
  • Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / metabolism*
  • Phenotype
  • Protein Interaction Maps
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism
  • RNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • RNA, Ribosomal / metabolism
  • RNA, Small Nucleolar / genetics
  • RNA, Small Nucleolar / metabolism*
  • RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Ribonucleoproteins / genetics
  • Ribonucleoproteins / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Time Factors
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • U937 Cells

Substances

  • AML1-ETO fusion protein, human
  • AML1-ETO fusion protein, mouse
  • Co-Repressor Proteins
  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
  • MLL-AF9 fusion protein, human
  • MYC protein, human
  • Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • RNA, Ribosomal
  • RNA, Small Nucleolar
  • RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Ribonucleoproteins
  • TLE5 protein, human
  • Tle5 protein, mouse
  • Transcription Factors
  • Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
  • DDX21 protein, human
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases