1 UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
2 Dietetics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
3 Midwifery, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
4 Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
5 UCD Perinatal Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Obstetrics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: mary.higgins@ucd.ie.