Consumption of alcohol and blood pressure: Results of the ELSA-Brasil study

Nathália Miguel Teixeira Santana; José Geraldo Mill; Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez; Alexandra Dias Moreira; Sandhi Maria Barreto; Maria Carmen Viana; Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190239

Consumption of alcohol and blood pressure: Results of the ELSA-Brasil study

PLoS One. 2018 Jan 8;13(1):e0190239. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190239. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Nathália Miguel Teixeira Santana¹, José Geraldo Mill¹, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez², Alexandra Dias Moreira², Sandhi Maria Barreto³, Maria Carmen Viana¹, Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina¹

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
² Department of Maternal and child Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Graduate Studies Program of Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: Prevention and reduction of excessive use of alcohol represents damages to society in general. In turn, arterial hypertension is the main attributable risk factor premature life lost years and disability.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and high blood pressure in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methodology: A baseline data of total of 7,655 participants volunteers between 35 and 74 years of age, of both genders, in six educational and research institutions of three different regions of the country were interviewed between 2008-2010. Socioeconomic, haemodynamic, anthropometric and health data were collected in the research centers of ELSA-Brasil. The presence of high blood pressure was identified when the systolic blood pressure was ≥140 mm Hg and/or the diastolic was ≥90 mm Hg. Alcohol consumption was estimated and categorized regarding consumption and pattern of ingestion. The Student's t-test, chi-squared and logistic regression tests were used for analysis, including potential co-variables of the model, and a 5% significance level was adopted.

Results: A dose-response relation was observed for the consumption of alcohol (g/week) in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Alcohol consumption was associated with high blood pressure in men who reported moderate (OR = 1.69; 95%CI 1.35-2.11) and excessive (OR = 2.70; 95%CI 2.04-3.59) consumption. Women have nearly three times more chance of presenting elevated blood pressure when presenting excessive consumption (OR = 2.86, 95%CI 1.77-4.63), and binge drinkers who drink more than 2 to 3 times a month have approximately 70% more chance of presenting with elevated blood pressure, after adjusting for consumption of drinks with meals.

Conclusion: The consumption of alcohol beverages increases the odds of elevated blood pressure, especially among excessive drinkers. Therefore alcohol consumption needs a more robust regulation in view of its impact on population health.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Alcohol Drinking*
Blood Pressure*
Brazil
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged

Grants and funding

The ELSA-Brasil baseline study including this validation sub study was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Science and Technology Department) and the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and CNPq - National Research Council) (grants # 01 06 0010.00 RS, 01 06 0212.00 BA, 01 06 0300.00 ES, 01 06 0278.00 MG, 01 06 0115.00 SP, 01 06 0071.00 RJ). NMT Santana was recipient from a MS scholarship from FAPES. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.