Stability of vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in oil, fish and mushrooms after household cooking

Abstract

Information on the retention of vitamin D in food following household cooking is scarce. So far the retention of its metabolites vitamin D₃, vitamin D₂, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ has shown that the type of food and the cooking method are the essential determinants, and there is no significant difference between the metabolites. We investigated the retention of vitamin D₃ and vitamin D₂ in sunflower oil, vitamin D₃ in rainbow trout, and vitamin D₂ in button mushrooms. The investigated cooking methods were boiling at different pH, steam cooking, microwave cooking, pan-frying, and oven baking. There was no difference between the retention of vitamin D₃ and vitamin D₂ added to sunflower oil, which ranged from 70 to 99%. In rainbow trout, the retention of vitamin D₃ at 85-114% was not significantly different from 100%, except for panfrying at 85%. However, the retention of vitamin D₂ in mushrooms at 62-88% was significantly different from 100% (p ≤ 0.05).

Keywords: Fish; Household cooking; Model system; Mushrooms; Retention; Vitamin D.