Time of metastatic disease presentation and volume of disease are prognostic for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC)

Prostate. 2018 Sep;78(12):889-895. doi: 10.1002/pros.23645. Epub 2018 Apr 29.

Abstract

Background: Currently, there is no universally accepted prognostic classification for patients (pts) with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that pts with low volume (LV), per CHAARTED trial definition, mHSPC, and those who relapse after prior local therapy (PLT) have longer overall survival (OS) compared to high volume (HV) and de-novo (DN), respectively. Using a hospital-based registry, we aimed to assess whether a classification based on time of metastatic disease (PLT vs DN) and disease volume (LV vs HV) are prognostic for mHSPC pts treated with ADT.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with mHSPC treated with ADT between 1990 and 2013 was selected from the prospectively collected Dana-Farber Cancer Institute database and categorized as DN or PLT and HV or LV, at time of ADT start. Primary and secondary endpoints were OS and time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), respectively, which were measured from date of ADT start using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models using known prognostic factors was used.

Results: The analytical cohort consisted of 436 patients. The median OS and time to CRPC for PLT/LV were 92.4 (95%CI: 80.4-127.2) and 25.6 (95%CI: 21-35.7) months and 43.2 (95%CI: 37.2-56.4) and 12.2 (95%CI: 9.8-14.8) months for DN/HV, respectively, whereas intermediate values were observed for PLT/HV and DN/LV. A robust gradient for both outcomes was observed (Trend test P < 0.0001) in the four groups. In a multivariable analysis, DN presentation, HV, and cancer-related pain were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions: In our hospital-based registry, time of metastatic presentation and disease volume were prognostic for mHSPC pts treated with ADT. This simple prognostic classification system can aid patient counseling and future trial design.

Keywords: ADT; mHSPC; prognostic classification; time of metastatic disease; volume of disease.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Androgen Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Androgen Antagonists / therapeutic use*
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Docetaxel / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / pathology*
  • Pain
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / analysis
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / mortality
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
  • Registries
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Androgen Antagonists
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Docetaxel
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen