1 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. toju.hirokazu.4c@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
2 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. toju.hirokazu.4c@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
3 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
4 Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
5 Department of Bioresource Science, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
6 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
7 Department of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
8 Genetic Resource Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
9 Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
10 Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
11 Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
12 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
13 Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
14 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
15 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
16 Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
17 Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland.
18 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
19 Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science & John Innes Centre, Beijing, China.
20 Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan.
21 RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
22 RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
23 Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, Japan.
24 Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Owing to a technical error, this Perspective was originally published without its received and accepted dates; the dates "Received: 31 December 2017; Accepted: 23 March 2018" have now been included in all versions.