Chromosome segregation errors generate a diverse spectrum of simple and complex genomic rearrangements

Nat Genet. 2019 Apr;51(4):705-715. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0360-8. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Abstract

Cancer genomes are frequently characterized by numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Here we integrated a centromere-specific inactivation approach with selection for a conditionally essential gene, a strategy termed CEN-SELECT, to systematically interrogate the structural landscape of mis-segregated chromosomes. We show that single-chromosome mis-segregation into a micronucleus can directly trigger a broad spectrum of genomic rearrangement types. Cytogenetic profiling revealed that mis-segregated chromosomes exhibit 120-fold-higher susceptibility to developing seven major categories of structural aberrations, including translocations, insertions, deletions, and complex reassembly through chromothripsis coupled to classical non-homologous end joining. Whole-genome sequencing of clonally propagated rearrangements identified random patterns of clustered breakpoints with copy-number alterations resulting in interspersed gene deletions and extrachromosomal DNA amplification events. We conclude that individual chromosome segregation errors during mitotic cell division are sufficient to drive extensive structural variations that recapitulate genomic features commonly associated with human disease.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chromosome Aberrations
  • Chromosome Segregation / genetics*
  • DNA Copy Number Variations / genetics
  • Gene Rearrangement / genetics*
  • Genome, Human / genetics
  • Genomics / methods
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Translocation, Genetic / genetics
  • Whole Genome Sequencing / methods
  • Xenopus laevis / genetics