The "-OMICS" facet of melanoma: Heterogeneity of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers

Semin Cancer Biol. 2019 Dec:59:165-174. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.014. Epub 2019 Jul 8.

Abstract

In the recent decade, cutting edge molecular and proteomic analysis platforms revolutionized biomarkers discovery in cancers. Melanoma is the prototype with over 51,100 biomarkers discovered and investigated thus far. These biomarkers include tissue based tumor cell and tumor microenvironment biomarkers and circulating biomarkers including tumor DNA (cf-DNA), mir-RNA, proteins and metabolites. These biomarkers provide invaluable information for diagnosis, prognosis and play an important role in prediction of treatment response. In this review, we summarize the most recent discoveries in each of these biomarker categories. We will discuss the challenges in their implementation and standardization and conclude with some perspectives in melanoma biomarker research.

Keywords: Epigenetic biomarker; Melanoma; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Serum biomarker; mir-RNA.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers
  • Biomarkers, Tumor*
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • Genomics* / methods
  • Humans
  • Melanoma / diagnosis
  • Melanoma / etiology*
  • Melanoma / metabolism*
  • Metabolomics* / methods
  • Prognosis
  • Proteomics* / methods
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids