The Odds Ratio Product (An Objective Sleep Depth Measure): Normal Values, Repeatability, and Change With CPAP in Patients With OSA

J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Aug 15;15(8):1155-1163. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7812.

Abstract

Study objectives: The Odds Ratio Product (ORP) is an objective measure of sleep depth using the relationships of the powers of different electroencephalogram (EEG) frequencies in a single index. The range of the ORP is 0 (deeply asleep) to 2.5 (fully awake). This investigation seeks to elucidate normal values of non-rapid eye movement ORP (ORPNR) in healthy individuals, repeatability of the measure, and the change in ORPNR following continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.

Methods: Healthy individuals underwent a home sleep apnea test (HSAT) with EEG followed 1 week later by EEG alone. Another cohort with OSA underwent baseline HSAT with EEG followed by a second EEG study approximately 4 weeks into treatment with CPAP.

Results: Thirty-eight healthy individuals completed the protocol (mean age of 34.9 ± 7.4 years, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 3.6 ± 2.4, Insomnia Severity Index score 2.0 ± 1.6 and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire - shorter version score 19 ± 1.2). The mean ORPNR for all nights was 0.52 ± 0.13. The difference between the first night and the second night was 0.024 ± 0.17 (not significant). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.525, suggesting only moderate agreement between the first and second nights. The normal value for ORPNR in healthy individuals is ≤ 0.78 units using two standard deviations as the cutoff. Forty participants completed the OSA protocol (mean age 49 ± 11 years, body mass index 35 ± 6 kg/m², apnea-hypopnea index 33.5 ± 28.4 events/h). The mean pre-CPAP ORPNR was 0.69 ± 0.24 and the mean post-CPAP ORPNR was 0.57 ± 0.22 (P = .02).

Conclusions: The ORPNR proves to have significant variability from night to night in healthy individuals. ORPNR objectively improves following CPAP treatment, providing further evidence that it measures sleep depth.

Citation: Penner CG, Gerardy B, Ryan R, Williams M. The odds ratio product (an objective sleep depth measure): normal values, repeatability, and change with CPAP in patients with OSA. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(8):1155-1163.

Keywords: EEG spectral analysis; OSA; OSA-PAP therapy; biomarkers; home sleep apnea test.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure*
  • Electroencephalography
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Odds Ratio
  • Reference Values
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sleep / physiology*
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / diagnosis*
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / physiopathology
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / therapy
  • Surveys and Questionnaires