Exome sequencing identifies de novo splicing variant in XRCC6 in sporadic case of autism

J Hum Genet. 2020 Mar;65(3):287-296. doi: 10.1038/s10038-019-0707-0. Epub 2019 Dec 12.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneity in presentation, genetic etiology, and clinical outcome. Although numerous ASD susceptibility genes have been described, they only account for a small fraction of the estimated heritability, supporting the need to identify more risk variants. This study reports the whole exome sequencing for 24 simplex families with sporadic cases of ASD. These families were selected following a rigorous family history study designed to exclude families with any history of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disease. Fifteen rare, de novo variants, including fourteen missense variants and one splicing variant, in thirteen families were identified. We describe a splicing variant in XRCC6 which was predicted to destroy the 5' splice site in intron 9 and introduce a premature stop codon. We observed intron 9 retention in XRCC6 transcripts and reduced XRCC6 expression in the proband. Reduced XRCC6 activity and function may be relevant to ASD etiology due to XRCC6's role in nonhomologous DNA repair and interactions of the C-terminal SAP domain with DEAF1, a nuclear transcriptional regulator that is important during embryonic development.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Autistic Disorder / genetics*
  • Autistic Disorder / pathology
  • DNA Repair / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Exome / genetics
  • Exome Sequencing
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  • Humans
  • Ku Autoantigen / genetics*
  • Male
  • Mutation, Missense / genetics
  • Protein Isoforms / genetics*
  • RNA Splice Sites / genetics
  • RNA Splicing / genetics
  • Transcription Factors

Substances

  • DEAF1 protein, human
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Protein Isoforms
  • RNA Splice Sites
  • Transcription Factors
  • Xrcc6 protein, human
  • Ku Autoantigen